The Project Management Challenges at the Beijing EAPS Consulting (BEC), Inc.

The difficulties at Beijing EAPS Consulting (BEC) delineate the trouble of co-directing a task plan without an unmistakable structure indicating the jobs and obligations of every chief. These circumstances are upsetting, for the supervisors worried as well as for the individuals who work under them.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Project Management Challenges at the Beijing EAPS Consulting (BEC), Inc. explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The principal ramifications of co-leading an undertaking as saw from the point of view of the departmental director is that it lessens the consideration of the departmental staff as a result of the assignments that originate from the task supervisor. This builds their feelings of anxiety and lessens their yield. Besides, it endangers the jobs that the office needs to play in light of the fact that the task chief doesn't have as a top priority the useful obligations of the office. This puts the departmenta l chief at the danger of appearing to be incapable. Thirdly, there is rivalry for assets on the grounds that the office has its own capacities, which advises the amount regarding assets profited. The task chief spots requests on these equivalent assets. At the point when analyzed from the viewpoint of the undertaking administrator, the accompanying ramifications go to the front. In the first place, the undertaking chief comes into the office as an interloper to figure out how to get errands achieved. This makes crafted by allocating undertakings troublesome on the grounds that the venture director is anything but a characteristic boss to the departmental staff, who may think that its progressively reasonable to answer to the departmental chief. The subsequent ramifications is that the venture director, being neither subordinate nor better than the departmental supervisor, may neglect to know whether a circumstance calls for counsel with a departmental chief or whether he can feel fr ee to dole out assignments to departmental representatives. These suggestions emerge from the way that the two chiefs have an obligation to convey on their individual commands. To do this, they need to share the assets accessible without the advantage of an unbiased judge to guarantee that asset portion is reliable to the associations goals. The two key qualities of the undertaking plan are adaptability and versatility. Proof of the adaptability of the arrangement originates from the way that the organization had the option to convey on its duties to the customers utilizing just a skeletal staff. The colleagues fitted into whichever circumstance the customers introduced and conveyed by their necessities. This is a significant quality for a youthful organization that is as yet characterizing its place in the market.Advertising Looking for article on venture the board? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The subsequent quality is the arrangement is versatility. The arrangement permitted the organization to adjust its structure to address rising issues and openings. This shows in the way that the organization developed its representative numbers from six, to twenty in pretty much a year. Once more, this is an attractive attribute for a quickly developing organization. The most genuine shortcomings obvious in the venture plan are the way that there is an indistinct detailing structure, and the absence of vital planning in the organization. The presence of two sorts of directors at a similar level in the organization without various assets or if nothing else an asset sharing arrangement is a catastrophe waiting to happen. This circumstance is what is causing representatives to settle on their own what the needs are, on the grounds that every chief has an alternate command. It has the capability of unsettling the colleagues to the hindrance of BEC. Then again, BEC appears to do not have a key intend to direct i ts development and advancement. Initially, one of its solid characteristics was research yet is appears to have floated towards profiteering due to request. This is a central move in the focal point of the organization. Such moves ought not be the aftereffect of outside powers. They ought to be a piece of a conscious corporate system. One of the most basic group practices required to adjust the extension and the board issues at BEC is large picture mindfulness. Every individual from the group at BEC has to realize what the general picture needs to resemble. This by itself, paying little heed to the corporate structure, will make it simpler for everybody to realize how to organize the errands that surface. It will make it workable for both the venture and departmental supervisors to concede to the most ideal asset assignment examples to guarantee that hierarchical needs don't endure in view of relational clash. Every chief ought to endeavor to guarantee that his errands don't imperil crafted by different supervisors since this decreases authoritative viability. Every individual from the group must remain objective driven. The circumstance at BEC calls for individuals to play their job truly and to guarantee they satisfy their part in making the organization a triumph. Notwithstanding having a major picture mindset, the following thing every individual must do is to ensure that he is having his impact in making the 10,000 foot view a success.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on The Project Management Challenges at the Beijing EAPS Consulting (BEC), Inc. explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thirdly, there is requirement for the entire group to stay focused on successful correspondence. The battle between the supervisors for the situation is the consequence of melting away correspondence between them. The organization should standardize compelling correspondence channels to guarantee that regardless of whether there are relational i ssues, they don't turn into an obstacle to the whole organization. Along these lines, the representatives will likewise have a simpler time discussing the battles that accompany answering to more than one supervisor. There is a pressing requirement for the organization to explain it announcing structure. Contingent upon its tasks, there is a need to cause one kind of supervisors to answer to the next. Since the organization feels that a task the executives approach is the most ideal approach to accomplish its objectives, at that point it needs to make the departmental administrators junior to the undertaking chiefs. Along these lines, the departmental supervisors will encourage the undertakings as planned by the venture director. It will be simpler to relegate errands to the workers and to talk about any issues with an unmistakable detailing pecking order. The subsequent issue required for the ideal fulfillment of undertakings is explanation of the project’s needs to all repr esentatives. In the event that the current structure stays, at that point the departmental staff ought to have a method of knowing which among the undertakings gave by the various supervisors are vital to the opportune fulfillment of the task. This is the reason it is basic to continue explaining the venture destinations and the time-basic errands, for example, those in the basic way. It isn't obvious from the case the observing and survey instruments set up. On the off chance that these are missing, there is a need to guarantee that there is a methods for all staff to know the status of the tasks they are chipping away at. This can appear as week after week briefings and day by day refreshes. Also, this calls for foundation of formalized correspondence channels to guarantee everybody is in the same spot regardless of individual differences.Advertising Searching for exposition on venture the executives? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More One last approach to guarantee the task finishes on time is by the utilization execution motivators to empower both staff and supervisors to convey on exercises in the basic way in an ideal way. These motivating forces ought to have the express objective of making sure about the basic way. Works Cited Cleland, David. Undertaking Management: Strategic Design and Implementation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2006. Print. Haynes, Marion E. Venture Management: Practical Tools for Success. Ontario: Cengage Learning, 2002. Print. Lewis, James P. Basics of Project Management. New York, NY: AMACOM, 2007. Print. Lock, Dennis. Task the executives. Burlington VT: Gower Publishing, 2007. Print. Meredith, Jack R and Samuel J Mantel. Venture Management: A Managerial Approach. New York, NY: John Wiley, 2005. Print. This paper on The Project Management Challenges at the Beijing EAPS Consulting (BEC), Inc. was composed and put together by client Lauren O. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Write About Yourself Essay - Ways to Write an Essay on Your Life

Write About Yourself Essay - Ways to Write an Essay on Your LifeSo, your best friend, who is also a writing teacher for students, wanted to give you an assignment on writing about yourself essay, and so I agreed. This assignment is really interesting for me because it gave me an opportunity to look at my life from different perspectives and come up with a story I can tell later on.My friend asked me to write a four-page essay, but I did not know what to write about first. But she knew my self-harming habit before, so she could see it in me. This is an essay about how I handle people who are mean to me. But I think that this article is not about what happened to me in the past, but about how I'm living now.When you read another person's words, you want to have your own words expressed. The perfect reflection of yourself. You want to be able to show what the person is seeing with his or her eyes, what the person feels, what the person hears, and what the person thinks. It is very impor tant to recognize the emotions, thoughts, feelings, and sensations of another person, because these things are what your article should show. It should show you who you are in different times, whether you are successful or not.Self-esteem is important for people who suffer from low self-esteem. People with low self-esteem struggle with making positive impressions about themselves, especially about other people. A lot of people do not recognize themselves, and they cannot accept that their behavior or feelings are not normal. They think that they are not attractive or appealing enough, or that they are ugly or weird looking. They feel insecure when people think about them and that they are not popular in general.Writing about yourself is an exercise that will help you identify what you want to be and what you are comfortable with. It is also a way to learn how to deal with stressful situations and improve yourself in many ways. Writing about yourself is the best way to overcome low s elf-esteem.If you do not know how to write an essay, you should look into teaching yourself how to write it, especially if you are afraid of writing one. It is not as hard as you think it is. The best way is to ask some professional writers to help you out with writing it.Write as much as you can about yourself, about who you are, what you do, and how you react in certain situations. You should write as much as you can about the person in your story. How can the reader understand what is going on in your mind? You need to show the reader who you are, what you have been through, and what your life is like now.Take small problems and make them bigger, and keep on writing until you come up with the best story you can. That is why it is good to write about yourself essay, because it will help you see things from other people's point of view, it will help you improve yourself, and it will help you manage stress better. Writing about yourself essay will open your eyes to things that you w ill not see before.

History of Oldtown

1. 2 Brief clarification of the company’s history The OldTown White Coffee, OTWC (Chinese: ) is the largestâ kopitiamâ restaurantâ chain in Malaysia. Its fundamental home office is in Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. Set up in 1999, the prime supporters and Executive Director, Mr. Goh Ching Mun and Mr. Tan Say Yap are the consolidation of White Cafe and give quality white espresso to Malaysian families and the nourishment administrations industry. It makes moment drink blends and items, notwithstanding working more than 180 bistro outlets all through Malaysia and the region.With over 10 years of involvement with the espresso refreshment industry, both of prime supporters were instrumental in the development of the Oldtown Group of organizations. Next, Mr. Lee Siew Heng, Group of Managing Director who assumed a critical job in executing the general vision, system and improvement of the Oldtown Group is the one of help them to joining Oldtown Group. In 1999, they effecti vely to market the moment 3-in-1 espresso blend under the â€Å"OLDTOWN† brand name for the retail sector.By end of 2009 October, the â€Å"OLDTOWN† 3-in-1 moment espresso blend was sold in roughly 1,348 retail outlets across the nation in Malaysia, around 550 retail outlets in Singapore and around 2,100 retail outlet in Hong Kong. In 2000, the â€Å"OLDTOWN† brand of 3-in-1 moment espresso blend is the primary fare to Singapore. In 2001, White Cafe promoting initiated activities as the showcasing arm for the Group’s drink items. During that year, the product offering is extended and incorporates various varieties of the moment espresso mix.In expansion, moment espresso blend has likewise extended fare to Hong Kong markets. In year 2002, White Cafe acquired a HALAL affirmation from the Islamic Religious Department of Perak for the Group’s refreshments. This is the piece of OLDTOWN Group’s expectations, which is to deliver the drinks as per t he Islamic law. Around the same time, OLDTOWN Group’s have effectively extended to across the country retail conveyance of 3-in-1 moment espresso blend to cover East and West Malaysia through significant hypermarkets and supermarkets.In 2003, OLDTOWN Group’s have additionally effectively popularized the new mix of 3-in-1 moment milk tea for the retail showcase under the â€Å"OLDTOWN† brand name. Taking into account extending OLDTOWN producing exercises, OLDTOWN Group’s consolidated Gongga Food in 2003 and started activities in 2004 assembling cooked espresso powder for the street administrations part utilizing the Group’s restrictive bean broiling process. OLDTOWN Group’s likewise disseminated the cooked espresso powder to customary bistros in Ipoh and different states in Malaysia.In expansion to the nourishment administrations area, simmered espresso powder is additionally showcased to the retail division under the â€Å"NANYANG† br and. In 2004, it likewise further entered the fare markets for 3-in-1 moment espresso to cover the United States, Canada and United Kingdom and in this manner in 2005, Taiwan and Indonesia. In 2005, OLDTOWN Group’s extended vertically into the nourishment administrations area by opening a chain of bistro outlets dependent on the conventional Ipoh coffeehouse setting and atmosphere under the â€Å"OLTOWN WHITE COFFEE† brand name.This is a piece of the Group’s system of underwriting and strengthening on the â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† brand in the nourishment administrations industry. Around the same time, Kopitiam Asian Pacific started tasks in the authorizing, gracefully of nourishment, drinks and other thing, and arrangement of the executives administrations to â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† bistro outlet. Since the opening of the first â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† bistro outlet in Ipoh in 2005, the chain of bistro outlets have extended to arri ve at 137 bistro outlets in Malaysia and Singapore as at 31 October 2009. This included completely and in part claimed, and diversified bistro outlets.In 2005 and 2006, OLDTOWN Group’s has built up the auxiliaries to be specific as Old Town Kopitiam, Old Town Kopitam Butterworth, Old Town Kopitiam Kuala Lumpur, Old Town Kopitiam Cheras, Conneczone to concentrate on working bistro outlets in various zones and states inside Malaysia. To help the bistro outlet business activities, their set up the accompanying auxiliaries as focal nourishment preparing focuses between year 2005 and 2007:  ·Ã‚       Emperor’s Kitchen initiated tasks in 2005;  ·Ã‚       Esquire Chef started activities in 2007;        Dynasty Confectionery initiated activities in 2007. In 2005, Gongga Food’s business exercises additionally extended to take into account the acquirement of nourishment things for â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† bistro outlets. Around the same time, Gongga Food likewise acquired a HALAL accreditation from the Islamic Religious Department of Perak for the creation of its cooked espresso powder. Moreover, OLDTOWN Group’s has gotten a HACCP affirmation from BM TRADE Certification Ltd for the preparing and assembling of refreshment roducts. In 2006, the organization additionally extended the item fare to Japan and China markets. Around the same time, the organization joined Dynasty Kitchen as a circulation community, which initiated activities in 2007. During this year, group’s organization additionally joined Oldtown Berhad, which will concentrate on venture holding and arrangement of the executives administrations compliant with its posting on the Main Market of Bursa Securities. Therefore the OLDTOWN Group’s additionally began sending out to Thailand and Philippines.In perspective on group’s organization intends to grow more bistro outlet business activity to Singapore, OLDTOWN organization likewise consolidated Oldtown Singapore in 2007 to give the executives administrations, gracefully of nourishment and drink things to bistro outlets in Singapore. OTK Singapore initiated tasks in 2008 with the dispatch of the first â€Å"OLDTOWN WHITE COFFEE† bistro outlet in Singapore. In 2008, the organization of Dynasty Confectionery and Esquire Chef got HALAL affirmations from the Islamic Religious Department of Perak for the handling of different foods.On other nourishment preparing auxiliary, Emperor’s Kitchen got HALAL confirmation from the IFRC ASIA. To additionally insist, OLDTOWN Group’s adherence to global sanitation standard and White Cafe accomplished ISO 22000:2005 accreditation and ISO 9001:2000 from BM TRADA Certification in 2008 notwithstanding GMP confirmation by the Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia around the same time. Inside 2008, OLDTOWN Group’s has extended the product offerings to remember 3-for 1 moment espresso blend in with stick sugar.In 2009, Gongga Food got a HACCP accreditation from BM TRADA Certification Ltd for the creation of simmered espresso powder. OldTown White Coffee currently sends out its moment refreshment blends to in excess of 10 nations worldwide and plans to grow its bistro outlet organize in the area. The gathering has a broad chain of bistros in Malaysia by means of 194 outlets as of end Nov 2011, and furthermore works a couple of outlets that are open all day, every day in specific territories. This count incorporates completely and in part claimed outlets, establishment outlets and authorized outlets.

Analysis of Alabaster Chambers (1859 1861) - Literature Essay Samples

â€Å"Alabaster Chambers†, much like many of Emily Dickinsons other works, showcases the theme of death without directly addressing the subject but instead guides the readers to the topic by means of the imagery. The first stanza of the original 1859 publication, depicts the illustration of the â€Å"meek members of the Resurrection† sleeping safely in their Alabaster Chambers, implying that they are protected from the progression, afflictions and joys that those in the living world must endure; though in their division from the living, they are also ignorant of the insignificance of their death as the natural world continues. As Dickinson was raised in the Puritan tradition, she was familiar with the concept of death as a waiting period before resurrection into the afterlife and is perhaps questioning the Calvinist faith in which she was brought up or is possibly confident in this belief as she refers to the dead as â€Å"sleepers†, which signifies that they will awake and reinforces the Puritan belief in the ferrying of the faithful upon the Second Coming of Christ. The scene portrayed to the audience forces them to contemplate the possible inferred perspectives on Puritan beliefs by Dickinson- that though they consider themselves to be prepared for the eventuality of death with their â€Å"Alabaster Chambers†, â€Å"rafter of satin† and â€Å"Roof of stone†, it is inescapable and imminent. The â€Å"Alabaster Chambers† themselves are a clear reference to tombs as Alabaster alludes to gypsum or calcite (used in the making of tombs), a translucent white stone that Dickin son employs imagery of to evoke a feeling of something inert and everlasting as the image of death she is presenting. Dickinson then goes on to declare that these sleepers are â€Å"Untouched by Morning† â€Å"And untouched by Noon-†. The dead do not have the regard for time that the living do, as they are severed from the manner that the living use to gauge the days (celestial bodies) and are instead held in darkness and are unaware of the continuation of the world outside of their tombs, as they are no longer apart of it. Morning symbolises hope and to state that the dead are untouched by morning pronounces their lack of it, as with morning comes light and in accordance with the Calvinists view of light as a tangible example of Gods grace, depicts that they are removed from His presence and workings. For the dead to be untouched by both Morning and Noon, the audience is left with the impression of the perished discarded in only darkness, enhancing the grim interpretation of death Dickinson is portraying. This further affirms the evaluation that Dickinson is beginning to question and dispute her Calvinist belief and intentionally painted the dead as being held in perpetual darkness, though as she referred to them as â€Å"members of the Resurrection† we understand them to be worshippers that believed fervently in their ensuing salvation. This is a direct reference to the Bible passage in Matthew 5:5 which states that â€Å"Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth† upon the Rapture. The â€Å"Rafter of satin† may refer to a satin lining on the inside of the casket whilst the â€Å"Roof of stone† alludes to the tomb or tombstone itself. The repetition applied in the first stanza, particularly in the last two lines in which the harder literary technique contrasts against the softer impression of the prior 4 lines, further augments the readers impression of these â€Å"Chambers† being a region of timelessness and suspension. This response i s reinforced by the deliberately situated dashes at the end of the first, second and fourth line that establish pauses and the gradual perusal of the piece. In the second stanza, Dickinson endures to establish the luminous continuation of the natural world as a disparity against the bleak and inescapable impression of death left by the first stanza. Dickinson has personified the breeze as laughing and blithe in a â€Å"Castle above them-†, unaffected by the trivial goings of humanity, whether they be dead or alive. The light-heartedness of the laughing figure and Castle in the sun distinguishes firmly against the graveness of the deads endurance and the gloom of the tombs in which they are contained. The perennial existence of the natural world is indifferent to the finite life of a human being and is ultimately oblivious to their presence, much as the dead are unable to be disturbed by the movements of nature. If Dickinson was depicting nature are symbolic evidence of Gods presence and intervention, its indifference to the life and death of humanity divulges Gods own disregard to those who worship him so diligently. Additionally, the dead are isolated from the elated sounds and goings of nature, as the continuous idle prattling of the â€Å"Bee† is lost on their â€Å"stolid Ear. In comparison to intensity of nature they are lifeless, impassive and unable to be roused by the constancy of the world above them, in which they no longer reside. Dickinson may be implying that the carefree activity of nature flourishes due to its ignorance of the suffocating practices of the Calvinists that ultimately confines them and this is why the â€Å"sweet birds† pipe in â€Å"ignorant cadence†. They are heedless to the repression of the Calvinistic ways and it is this unawareness that allows them to sing sweetly. The final line of the poem, â€Å"Ah, what sagacity perished here!† signifies to the audience that Dickinson is becoming sceptical in the realism of an afterlife, instead hinting that the only eternity of the world is in the perpetuation of nature. Is she suggesting that t he Calvinist neglect of nature and belief that it is unable to understand God is evidence of their own lack of wisdom and true comprehension of the divine? Her use of lighter literary approaches in the second stanza may be interpreted as Dickinson offering a consolation to the eternal dead considered in the first stanza or it could be that these pleasant images of life in nature are used to differentiate and heighten the lack of vigour in death. Though the piece appears to doubt the existence of an afterlife, it also seems to try to appease the fallen with the solace that though their lives have been inconsequential, the world and nature will go on- though it is important to note that Calvinists did not respect nature and perceived it as being inferior. They only saw humanity as being capable of the comprehension and understanding of God and hence would not have been pacified by the eternal natural world. Though the impression of death in this piece is chilling, it can be interprete d as offering hope in the prospect of the eternal vitality of nature, though the dead may be locked in the idleness of their chambers and ultimately unimportant. Whereas Dickinson illustrates the dead as â€Å"(sleeping)† in the 1859 version of â€Å"Alabaster Chambers†, affirming that they are in a temporary slumber and will rise upon the Second Coming of Christ, in the 1861 variant she instead conveys that they â€Å"Lie† in their chambers. This harsher term conveys to the readership that Dickinson no longer believes in the resurrection of the dead or is at least more dubious of it than she was in previous years. The use of the term â€Å"sleep† in the original version signifies a desire for hope, that even if there is no afterlife, the natural world will continue in the absence of humanity but the altering of this to instead utilise â€Å"Lie† indicates a new lack of hope in Calvinistic beliefs and instead a conviction in the cosmic indifference to the coming and going of life. Additionally, another dash has been added to the second line to emphasise and force contemplation upon the reader of the lack of hope and light in the existence of the dead. The words â€Å"satin† and â€Å"stone† have also been capitalised to stress the impenetrability of death and compacted into a single line. While the first version of the piece explores the nonchalant stance of nature in death, the second scrutinises not only the indifference of nature but also humanity and the Universe as a whole. The last stanza portrays a â€Å"grand† passing of time â€Å"in the Crescent-above them-†, meaning the world of the living that the dead lie beneath, through reference to the crescent moon. The Universe continues on in its movements, making the momentous effect of death on a single person essentially worthless in its vastness. â€Å"Worlds scoop their Arcs†, meaning that planets continue on their orbits, unaffected by the significant developments of mankind and â€Å"Firmaments†, the heavens where God dwells, are similarly unaffected. Dickinson contrasts death with a cosmic, larger world that insists upon the paltriness of a single human life and even humanity itself- emphasising the ultimately pitiful lack of impression we leave on the world and the expanse of the cosmos in spite of mankind and even God. The mention of â€Å"Diadems† dropping and â€Å"Doges† surrendering signifies the mightiest of people and the eventual uselessness of the ir achievements and power upon their death. The diadems refer to Kings and Queens who rule over the lower class and the Doges as the previous rulers of Italy, who, despite their influence in life, will all die and fall into alignment with the importance of those they had overseen. Though we give titles and victories meaning in life, they are ultimately fruitless because in the end all people are made equal and â€Å"surrender† their triumphs- whether they are viewing from a religious perspective in which God sees all people as the same or from an objective understanding of the vastness of the Universe, which persists in the face of God and even the most tremendous of human milestones. Reigns have been ended and wars have been lost in this monumental passing of time but humanity is indifferent to the dead as they no longer have any affect on this world and the dead are similarly unmoved. Dickinson utilised hard sounds in the final two lines of the stanza to heighten the impression of death as resolute and final. The final line, â€Å"Soundless as dots- on a Disc of Snow-† links back to and compounds the original imagery of white from the first line that is alluded from the white image of an alabaster stone. She describes each human life as being â€Å"soundless† to reiterate how inconsequential each life is, making but a meagre impact in the scheme of the cosmos, that is fundamentally unremarkable. Its also vital to note that snow will melt, and so the effect of a person on the world will fade as time passes. The dash at the end of the concluding line coerces the reader to consider this. This final stanza forsakes the audience with a frigid image of death as utterly infinitesimal and bleak. The second version of â€Å"Alabaster Chambers† tells that even in death, the world perseveres and is unaffected, giving no hope to the reader, whereas the or iginal eased this harshness with the alleviation that whilst they may not be immortal, the natural world is.

Diversity Within The Workplace What Is Diversity

Diversity in the workplace What is diversity? Diversity in the workplace means having employees from a wide range of backgrounds. This can include having employees of different ages, gender, ethnicity, physical ability, sexual orientation, religious belief, work experience, educational background, and so on. Advantages of diversity If you have a diverse workplace in your business, you can benefit from the different talents, experiences and perspectives of your employees. Find out more about the advantages of employing: mature aged workers young people people with disability women in the workplace apprentices and trainees people from overseas Indigenous Australians people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Don t discriminate! It’s unlawful to disadvantage employees and job seekers in any way because of their: race colour gender sexual preference age physical or mental disability marital status family or carer’s responsibilities pregnancy religion political opinion national extraction social origin. Definition of Workforce Diversity Similarities and differences among employees in terms of age, cultural background, physical abilities and disabilities, race, religion, sex, and sexual orientation. Issues and Challenges You may know someone who has experienced unfair treatment based on a personal characteristic. Discrimination occurs when someone is denied opportunities on the basis of a personal characteristic that has no bearing on job performance.Show MoreRelatedDiversity Within The Workplace : What Does It Entail?1803 Words   |  8 PagesDiversity in The Workplace What is diversity and what does it entail? 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INTRODUCTIONRead MoreEthical Issues in Management Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Issues in Management Charles Hall Axia Student Diversity in the workplace refers to the stark contrast of individuals within the same work environment. Many moral and ethical issues are faced by managers every day concerning diversity. Social Issues and ethically responsible management practices relate to workplace diversity in simple but important ways. Ethically it is irresponsible for managers to manage diversity in the workplace by acting insensitively towards employees. There are manyRead MoreManaging Workforce Diversity: Principles of Management643 Words   |  3 PagesManaging workforce diversity: Principles of management Workforce diversity can be an organizations greatest strength provided it is managed correctly. Diversity can generate organizational value. Workers of diverse backgrounds can provide input to management about how to cope with the challenges of the global marketplace. A Japanese-American employee can provide advice about to deal with a client from the Far East; a female employee can offer her input about how to market a new product to spark

Crt/205 Week 2 - 1353 Words

CRT/205: Mapping Arguments Children in the Backseat Are the Worst Distraction for Driver In this the issue considered is the way of driving with the children in the backseat. Therefore this is a difficult one as the roads will have more traffic and driving is not an easier one. If it is done with children then it will be more difficult as they will be playing inside car and will be a hard task to control them. Then they have various distractions like that of visual distractions, manual distractions and cognitive distractions. These will be very hard for drivers as they need to be very careful in it while driving with a child. Thus the stated premise is the way of driving without distractions and unstated premise is dealing with†¦show more content†¦At the moment, President Obama, Republican and Democratic members of Congress, the American Medical Association and America’s Health Insurance plans all agree that a change is needed to the current system. There is little debate that the health care is necessary but a lot of debate on how the change should be done. Obama’s Health Care Reform Plan The majority of Americans receive health care through private insurers which is mostly provided through their employers. For the most part, employees are required to contribute part of insurance cost through payroll deductions. There is no government health insurance company that covers all citizens. The government does offer few programs such as Medicare and Medicaid but the eligibility is restricted and limited. President Obama wants to reform the health care system so that every American in United States has health insurance coverage. The plan proposes to offer affordable, comprehensive and portable coverage. It pledges to control the rising health care cost and improving the quality of care. The key goals of the reform plan are: †¢ Requiring employers to provide health insurance to their employees †¢ Mandating health insurance to all children †¢ Workers will be allowed to keep their employer-provided health insurance even if they lose their job or if they’re in between jobs †¢ Prohibit insurance companies from rejecting people because of pre-existing health conditions †¢Show MoreRelatedApa Writing Style and Mechanics7913 Words   |  32 Pagescourse, and the instructor s recommendations will prevail over this sample paper in the event that differences between the two occur. Revised: April 2008 Center for Writing Excellence  © 2008 Apollo Group, Inc. 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Macintosh and Power Macintosh are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Used herein under license. Library of Congress Control Number: 2006933904 Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0-495-11873-2 ISBN-10: 0-495-11873-7 ââ€"   To my nephews, JesseRead MoreNokias Human Resources System144007 Words   |  577 PagesIndicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ≠¤ No n Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non ­accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitionsRead MoreCissp Study Guide67657 Words   |  271 Pagespolicies area high-level plans that describe the goals of the procedures. 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Us Involvement In Nicaragua Essay Example For Students

Us Involvement In Nicaragua Essay Some might say that Nicaragua has been merely a pawn in the US battle against Soviet-Cuban Communist control in Latin America. Relationships between the US and Nicaragua go back to the Gold Rush and Cornelius Vanderbilts attempts to expedite the travel between the two coasts of the US. Vanderbilt bought the rights to shuttle fortune-seekers across Nicaragua to avoid their having to cross the width of the United States or travel around Cape Horn. Eventually, controversy among the Nicaraguan people led to a civil war in 1853. The US was further drawn into the conflict when the left-wing army hired an American, William Walker, to fight for them. Walker and his mercenaries quickly conquered Grenada, the stronghold of the Conservative parties and found themselves in charge of the army. Walker, however, had his eyes on the presidency, which he eventually took. Walker was not the end of US intervention in Nicaragua. The government had aligning aspirations with Cornelius Vanderbilt and decided to build their canal through Nicaragua, which was less disease ravaged than the other contender, Panama. However, due to previous treaty agreements, the US would have to share control of any canal built through Nicaragua with Great Britain, and so the plan was abandoned. Instead, the US built an exclusively controlled canal through Panama. From 1893 1909, a general by the name of Zelaya had exclusive control of the Nicaraguan government. However, in 1909, with US support, this government was overthrown and a pro-US government was established. Throughout the early 1900s, US Marines helped quell minor rebellions throughout Nicaragua and occupy much of the country. Finally, in 1933, the marines leave under the premise of peace with the guerilla leader Gen. Sandino. A man named Anastasio Somoza is put in charge of the National Guard, and therefore controls the country with an iron fist. Until 1979, the Somoza family serves as the totalitarian government in Nicaragua, fixing the elections so power remains in the family. Throughout this 40 year period, several minor insurrections are staged by the newly founded Sandinista National Liberation Front. These are easily put down by the military regime, until 1979. Throughout this period of relative peace in Nicaragua, many dominos are being set up around them throughout Central America. In 1959, Castro controls Cuba and the US begins to worry about the communist influence in Latin America. In 1972, corruption really starts to eat away at the Somoza regime and it is clear a power struggle is looming. Without US intervention, the Sandinistas launch their major offensive in 1979 and force Somoza into exile. Shortly thereafter, Ronald Reagan is elected in the US and he puts fighting communism a the top of his priority list. Reagan uses this motive to launch covert anti-Sandinista operations in Nicaragua as well as plant seeds of revolution in other communist countries throughout Latin America. In 1983, the US officially invaded Grenada and the US began restoring a government they deemed fit to rule the country. Since that time, the US has been deeply involved in the Nicaraguan political processes to ensure a capitalistic society is maintained. The American government claims its assistance is focused on strengthening democratic institutions, stimulating sustainable economic growth, and supporting the health and basic education sectors. Other goals are stated as improving human rights conditions, the development of a free market economy and ensuring civilian control over defense and security as well as reforming the judicial system. In the last few years, some semblance of order has been restored to the democratic process. In the 1996 election, a former Sandinista general ran and appeared to lead an aboveground campaign promising a peaceful future. .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d , .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d .postImageUrl , .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d , .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d:hover , .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d:visited , .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d:active { border:0!important; } .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d:active , .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2c0895fd3e689b6526178f92a9440a8d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948) was a genious, spiritu EssayBibliography1. Serrill, Michael S.. Improbable Comeback. TIME International Magazine 14 Oct. 1996. 06 Sep. 2000. . 2. Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs. Background Notes: Nicaragua. . Sept. 2000. US State Dept.. 25 Sept. 2000. . 3. Jenkins, Tony. Nicaragua and the United States; Years of Conflict. New York: Watts, 1989. 4. Burns, E Bradford. At War in Nicaragua; the Reagan Doctrine and the Politics of Nostalgia. New York, Harper Row, 1987. Governmental Issues

The New World free essay sample

The idea of a glorious earthly paradise far from the known world had existed in the European imagination long before 1492. That idea of a distant paradise on earth shaped the way Europeans came to think of America after Columbus and his successors reported their discoveries. For example, the following mythic lands may have served as inspirations for the alluring idea of America as a place of joy, ease, riches, and regeneration: a. the Garden of the Hesperides of Greek myth b. the Elysian Fields described by the poet Homer c. the Islands of the Blessed, described by Hesiod, Horace, and Pindar d. Atlantis, described by Plato in the Timaeus and the Critias e. the Garden of Eden f. the Fortunate Isles, described in the Voyage of St. Brendan (ninth century) g. the enchanted gardens of Renaissance literature Columbus’s discovery of America has been described as â€Å"perhaps the most important event recorded in secular history. We will write a custom essay sample on The New World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † On the other hand, it has been pointed out that had Columbus not discovered America, it would soon have been discovered by some other explorer. Edmundo O’Gorman, in The Invention of America (1961), asserted that America was not discovered but was invented by Europeans in the 16th and following centuries. The contrary idea of America as a place of degenerated plants, animals, and humans was also held by Europeans long before it was set forth by the French naturalist Buffon (1707–1788) in the early volumes of his Natural History (1749–1804). Thomas Jefferson made effective reply in his Notes on the State of Virginia (1785), but remnants of the idea continued to persist in the European popular mind. Modern readers are often surprised to learn of Columbus’s never-ending insistence, even in the face of contrary evidence, that he had reached the coast of Asia, not a new continent. That mistaken certainty was in large part caused by his faith in faulty calculations showing the earth’s circumference to be about 18,000 rather than 25,000 miles. The ancient geographer Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the earth with nearly perfect accuracy in the third century BCE. But Columbus, as did the best navigators of his time, relied on charts based on measurements made by the second-century-CE astronomer Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus). The calculation of the earth’s circumference presented in Ptolemy’s Guide to Geography (published, in Latin, in 1409) was off by more than 25 percent. Had the calculation been accurate, Columbus would have been correct in assuming that after sailing west for 33 days, he had indeed reached the Orient. Columbus’s writing style is spare and unornamented. In contrast, the letters (the first published in 1504) of Amerigo Vespucci, reporting his voyages to the New World from 1497 to 1504 (he claimed four,historians credit him with two), were filled with vivid and titillating details describing the new land and its inhabitants. As a result, Vespucci’s reports received greater attention throughout Europe than the reports (as distinct from the discovery itself) of Columbus. Because of Vespucci’s renown and because of his real accomplishments, the German geographer Martin Waldseemuller, in making his influential map of the new continent (1507), applied the name â€Å"America† to South America. Eventually, through popular usage, â€Å"America† came to be used for the North America as well. Vespucci’s voyage of 1501–1502 (under the flag of Portugal) along the coast of South America was the first extended exploration of the coast of the New World and the first to show clearly that the new lands were not a part of Asia but a new continent. That discovery is said by Vespucci’s partisans to justify naming the new continent America. Nevertheless, Vespucci has been vilified as a braggart and a windbag. Doubt has been cast on his accomplishments, although in recent decades they have in part been verified and shown to be substantial. Columbus’s first letter was printed and published in nine versions in 1493, and by 1500 it had appeared in nearly twenty editions. Yet his reports did not inspire the immediate outpouring of writing, personal and public, on the New World that might be expected. Indeed, from the last decades of the fifteenth century to the beginning decades of the seventeenth century, â€Å"four times as many books were devoted to the Turks and Asia as to America, and the proportion of books on Asia actually increased in the final decade† of that period (J. H. Elliot, The Old World and the New [1992] 12). When Columbus died in Vallodolid, Spain, in 1506, his death went unrecorded in the city chronicle. His fall to obscurity was in part caused by the fact that he was overbearing and irascible, creating many enemies. In addition,  the stories of his failures and his greed as a colonial administrator diminished him in the eyes of his contemporaries, further discouraging the celebration of his name in poems, romances, dramas, and histories. Columbus had failed to produce the expected supply of riches. He had failed to provide his voyages with effective chroniclers who could glorify his achievements, and he had no ability to effectively glorify himself in his written reports. Nor was he associated with a singular dramatic achievement—such as the conquest of the Aztec empire that raised Cortes to the stature of an epic hero. In the sixth century BC the Greek mathematician Pythagoras declared that the earth is a sphere. By the fifteenth century AD that fact was believed by the vast majority of educated Europeans. Yet a longstanding myth holds that Columbus was almost alone in believing that the earth is a sphere and for that belief suffered the ridicule of his learned contemporaries. The myth survives today, preserved in popular histories, tales, and even in popular song lyrics that proclaim: â€Å"They all laughed at Christopher Columbus /When he said the world was round. † In reporting that he was the first to see a light in the distance, on the night of October 11, before the actual sighting of land on October 12, Columbus appears to claim that he was the first to see the Indies. Note also Columbus’s solicitation of support for further exploration, his offering, if â€Å"their highnesses will render very slight assistance,† to provide gold, spice, cotton, mastic, â€Å"aloe-wood,† and â€Å"slaves, as many as they shall order to be shipped.   The explorers and conquerors of the New World in large measure based their justifications (stated or implied) for conquest on a  the cultural superiority of the conquerors; b. the physical and mental inferiority of the conquered; c. the backwardness of the Americans’ culture and technical development; d. the obligation and the ability of the intruders to make better use of the land and its resources; e. the duty to bring Christianity to the heathen. Columbus does not use all such justifications. Note his report that the Indians are â€Å"of a very acute intelligence. † Modern critics of Columbus assert that his treatment of the Indians showed a disregard for their natural rights. But the popular idea that individuals have natural rights (much less â€Å"unalienable† natural rights) did not arise for several centuries. Columbus took possession of the newly discovered land â€Å"by proclamation made and with royal standard unfurled. † His act was not a dramatic gesture meant to awe the natives but a formal step (compare the flag planting by the American astronauts on the moon in 1969) to establish, according to the international law of the day, that the lands and their inhabitants were now the possessions of Spain and subject to Spanish authority. Having taken formal and legal possession of the land and its inhabitants for Spain, Columbus assumed that he, as a royal official, was therefore justified in capturing six Indians and returning them as exhibits to the Spanish king and queen, just as a royal official could order the lives of men and women in Spain itself. Because he believed that he had landed in the Indies, Columbus used the word â€Å"Indians† to describe the people he saw. In recent years the word has been attacked as inaccurate and demeaning, although Columbus did not intend it to be so. The substitute â€Å"Native American† has been advanced, and is the most widely preferred term. The term â€Å"Siberian American† has been offered in its place as a more accurate term, but it is seen as derisive by some and remains unpopular. Columbus reported of the Indians, â€Å"With 50 [European] men all of them could be held in subjection and can be made to do whatever one might wish. † Columbus was wrong. The attempt to coerce and enslave the men and women of the New World eventually failed. Yet the alluring idea of forcing native inhabitants to work for their conquerors long endured. For instance, John Smith reports of North American native inhabitants that they could be brought â€Å"all in subjection† and exploited by â€Å"forty or thirty† Englishmen. Discovery narratives traditionally report on the technical backwardness of the people of the discovered lands. In Columbus’s age the lack of technical development and the absence of metals such as iron and steel were taken as signs of primitive inferiority. In later ages, especially after the rise of the idea of the Noble Savage, a lack of technical achievement was taken as a sign of virtuous simplicity, of a life free of the dominance of the machine and the technological horrors that accompany it. Columbus describes the technical ignorance of the inhabitants and their unfamiliarity with metal-edged weapons: â€Å"I showed them swords and they took them by the edge and through ignorance cut themselves. † Compare John Smith’s report of the Indians’ fear of gunpowder and firearms their amazement at the movements of a compass needle. The technical ignorance of a reportedly benighted people has often been and is still used to justify their subjugation and colonization by a technically superior culture that asserts its right to conquer, usually because it can â€Å"make better use of the land. † In addition, there was recourse to the religious justification for colonization—the argument that Christians have the right and the duty to lead (by force if necessary) those living in spiritual darkness into the light of religious truth and to the blessings of heaven. The religious justification is offered as a benefit to the pagans themselves. The technological argument is not. Rather its end is the fruitful exploitation of the land and its natural resources for the colonizers. But even the technological argument for exploiting the land has its biblical justification in the declarations that the land exists for the benefit of man, who therefore has an obligation to exploit and â€Å"subdue† it (Genesis 1:28). That Columbus was a sincere believer in Christianity is not in doubt. His devout faith is evident inthe names he gave the first islands he encountered in the New World: San Salvador and Isla de Santa Maria de Concepcion. Yet his religious motives for colonizing the lands he discovered have sometimes been dismissed as a disguise for his true motives: greed for gold and desire to extract riches from the land. The desire for religious conversions and for gold is evident in almost all the early narratives of New World discovery. Columbus hoped to bring Christianity to the heathen by establishing the religion of Spain in the new lands. He had no desire to promote religious liberty and would have strongly resisted the idea. John Smith similarly believed that the English lands in North America should be colonized under the protection of an established church—the Church of England. It is worthwhile to compare the views of Columbus and Smith to the views of the Pilgrims and the Puritans who wished to escape what they believed to be an oppressive established church—though they themselves then demonstrated an oppressive narrowness with respect to departures from the confines of their views. Notice the appearance in Columbus’s reports of themes later apparent in American literature: a. America as a land suited to Christian evangelism and the ultimate coming of â€Å"the church triumphant† b. America as a paradise of exotic landscape and people and of simple and innocent life c. America as a place for economic, political, and spiritual opportunity and personal fulfillment. THOMAS HARIOT Thomas Hariot was among the first British explorers to arrive in the New World. Unlike Columbus, he was at least as much a scientist as an explorer. He was particularly interested in astronomy, optics, and the study of mathematics. Hariot’s A Briefe and True Report of the Newfound Land of Virginia gives perspectives on the New World that differ from Columbus’s in accordance with his intellectual interests, as well as his nationality and the part of the world (Virginia, as opposed to the West Indies) that he visited. The third, and final, part of his report, presented in the anthology, offers another view of the inhabitants of the newly discovered land. JOHN SMITH John Smith has been described as the author of â€Å"the first English book written in America† (for his A True Relation of Occurrences and Accidents in Virginia [1608]), and his work is seen as a forerunner of a native, American literature. Smith’s accounts are also an early example of New World writing that emphasizes human qualities commonly thought to be typically American. Note his references to a. Practicality; b. Boastfulness; c. dislike of showy elegance; d. desire to exploit the environment. Smith’s description of New England combines two images of the New World that were current in Europe in the seventeenth century: a  the image of America as a paradise, a voluptuous land of easy riches b. the image of America as a land that would reward those showing the Protestant virtues of enterprise and willingness to work hard. The first image draws upon ancient myths that describe gardens of ease, joy, and eternal life. The second derives from the ideals of the capitalist middle class that rose to power with the end of feudalism in Europe. A third image, of America as a New Jerusalem, as a place for religious salvation, is not evident in Smith’s writings. Consider the rise to prominence of that third image after 1630 and the coming of the Puritans to Massachusetts Bay. Note how Smith writes of the visible, material world—describing plants, animals, and men—rather than the immaterial, speculative world of philosophy and theology. Smith assumed that the New World is for man’s exploitation, for his physical enjoyment, and for his earthly fulfillment—an assumption at odds with the Puritans’ view of the New World as a place of spiritual testing and of preparation for a fulfillment to be achieved only in heaven. Smith is often contrasted to the Puritans (and the Pilgrims), but there are these similarities: a. Both saw America as a place where individual men and women could escape from Old-World restraints and traditions. b. Both celebrated the possibility of communal, as well as individual regeneration in the lands claimed by England in the New World. c. Both condemned luxury and emphasized the virtues of hard work, abstinence, and enterprise. d. And both saw a life of ease and luxury as a sign of decay that portends inevitable destruction. Smith made no mention of religious freedom as a reason for colonizing. His own motives for colonizing (and what he believed to be the prime motives of others) were secular and materialistic: â€Å"For I am not so simple as to think that ever any other motive than wealth will ever erect there a commonwealth. † General History and his Description of New England are propaganda for colonization as much as they are descriptions of the New World. That is evident in the number and the variety of advantages he cites for colonization: a. profits for investors—†satisfaction of the adventurers† b  markets for English manufacturers—a letter survives, written by Smith to the London Society of Cordwainers (shoemakers) to point out that the Cordwainers, in their own self-interest, should support the settlement of Virginia because the rough land and the shell-strewn beaches of the New World were certain to wear out many shoes c. glory for the colonizers and their monarch—†eternizing of the memory† d. abundant raw materials, especially timber and naval stores (â€Å"pitch, tar, masts, yards†) e. good health for colonists—†not any was sick but two† f. riches (especially from fish)  freedom from harsh landlords, from law-breaking multitudes, from â€Å"tedious pleas in law† h. abundance of land. Who can desire more content† i. the bringing of â€Å"poor savages to know Christ and humanity† j. work for the poor, the idle, orphans, apprentices, and their masters k. sport for gentlemen—†For gentlemen: what exercise† Until the settling of Jamestown, English colonizing efforts in the New World were conspicuous for their failure. The only colonies that England had successfully established before Jamestown and Plymouth were colonies planted in Ireland. Some of the essentials for colonizing success set forth by Smith in A Description of New England (â€Å"provided always that first there be †): a. potent local government b. housing c. means of self-defense d. adequate provisions e. trained craftsmen Many reasons have been offered to explain why the Jamestown colonists failed to exert themselves sufficiently in establishing their colony: a. that too many of the colonists were â€Å"ne’er-do-wells† and gentlemen who were unused to hard work b. That the colonists were weakened by hunger and disease c. that the â€Å"communal basis† of the settlement discouraged individual enterprise   that many of the early colonizing reports, especially those written by the Spanish colonizers, encouraged the expectation that riches would be quickly found and profits quickly earned, that the â€Å"naturals† could be forced to supply the colonists with food, and that therefore diligent labor was unnecessary e. that the colonists expected their needs to be met by their London backers Note that none of the above explanations suggests that the English colonists, lacking government support such as the Spanish enjoyed, failed because their attempt to colonize Virginia at that time and place was simply beyond their abilities. Smith attributed the difficulties at Jamestown to dissension, weak government, lack of organization, and mistaken attempts by a central governing body (in London) to exert control at long distance. Such problems of government and society arose partly from human characteristics that later came to be considered distinctly American: a. radical individualism b. disrespect for law and governments c. hostility toward distant, central governments. Contempt for traditions of rank, privilege, and authority Note how such characteristics were prominent among the causes of the American Revolution, 170 years later, and how those same characteristics win popular praise today. It is also notable that the American environment and its great distance from Europe prohibited the easy transfer to America of England’s a. feudal class structure; b. widespread belief in the worth of a noble class and an idle gentry; c. upper-class contempt for those in â€Å"trade† or whose jobs required hard, physical labor; d. high valuation of the contemplative, intellectual life. The New World free essay sample That idea of a distant paradise on earth shaped the way Europeans came to think of America after Columbus and his successors reported their discoveries. For example, the following mythic lands may have served as inspirations for the alluring idea of America as a place of joy, ease, riches, and regeneration: a. the Garden of the Hesperides of Greek myth b. the Elysian Fields described by the poet Homer c. the Islands of the Blessed, described by Hesiod, Horace, and Pindar d. Atlantis, described by Plato in the Timaeus and the Critias e. the Garden of Eden f. the Fortunate Isles, described in the Voyage of St. Brendan (ninth century) g. the enchanted gardens of Renaissance literature Columbus’s discovery of America has been described as â€Å"perhaps the most important event recorded in secular history. † On the other hand, it has been pointed out that had Columbus not discovered America, it would soon have been discovered by some other explorer. We will write a custom essay sample on The New World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Edmundo O’Gorman, in The Invention of America (1961), asserted that America was not discovered but was invented by Europeans in the 16th and following centuries. The contrary idea of America as a place of degenerated plants, animals, and humans was also held by Europeans long before it was set forth by the French naturalist Buffon (1707–1788) in the early volumes of his Natural History (1749–1804). Thomas Jefferson made effective reply in his Notes on the State of Virginia (1785), but remnants of the idea continued to persist in the European popular mind. Modern readers are often surprised to learn of Columbus’s never-ending insistence, even in the face of contrary evidence, that he had reached the coast of Asia, not a new continent. That mistaken certainty was in large part caused by his faith in faulty calculations showing the earth’s circumference to be about 18,000 rather than 25,000 miles. The ancient geographer Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the earth with nearly perfect accuracy in the third century BCE. But Columbus, as did the best navigators of his time, relied on charts based on measurements made by the second-century-CE astronomer Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus). The calculation of the earth’s circumference presented in Ptolemy’s Guide to Geography (published, in Latin, in 1409) was off by more than 25 percent. Had the calculation been accurate, Columbus would have been correct in assuming that after sailing west for 33 days, he had indeed reached the Orient. Columbus’s writing style is spare and unornamented. In contrast, the letters (the first published in 1504) of Amerigo Vespucci, reporting his voyages to the New World from 1497 to 1504 (he claimed four,historians credit him with two), were filled with vivid and titillating details describing the new land and its inhabitants. As a result, Vespucci’s reports received greater attention throughout Europe than the reports (as distinct from the discovery itself) of Columbus. Because of Vespucci’s renown and because of his real accomplishments, the German geographer Martin Waldseemuller, in making his influential map of the new continent (1507), applied the name â€Å"America† to South America. Eventually, through popular usage, â€Å"America† came to be used for the North America as well. Vespucci’s voyage of 1501–1502 (under the flag of Portugal) along the coast of South America was the first extended exploration of the coast of the New World and the first to show clearly that the new lands were not a part of Asia but a new continent. That discovery is said by Vespucci’s partisans to justify naming the new continent America. Nevertheless, Vespucci has been vilified as a braggart and a windbag. Doubt has been cast on his accomplishments, although in recent decades they have in part been verified and shown to be substantial. Columbus’s first letter was printed and published in nine versions in 1493, and by 1500 it had appeared in nearly twenty editions. Yet his reports did not inspire the immediate outpouring of writing, personal and public, on the New World that might be expected. Indeed, from the last decades of the fifteenth century to the beginning decades of the seventeenth century, â€Å"four times as many books were devoted to the Turks and Asia as to America, and the proportion of books on Asia actually increased in the final decade† of that period (J. H. Elliot, The Old World and the New [1992] 12). When Columbus died in Vallodolid, Spain, in 1506, his death went unrecorded in the city chronicle. His fall to obscurity was in part caused by the fact that he was overbearing and irascible, creating many enemies. In addition,  the stories of his failures and his greed as a colonial administrator diminished him in the eyes of his contemporaries, further discouraging the celebration of his name in poems, romances, dramas, and histories. Columbus had failed to produce the expected supply of riches. He had failed to provide his voyages with effective chroniclers who could glorify his achievements, and he had no ability to effectively glorify himself in his written reports. Nor was he associated with a singular dramatic achievement—such as the conquest of the Aztec empire that raised Cortes to the stature of an epic hero. In the sixth century BC the Greek mathematician Pythagoras declared that the earth is a sphere. By the fifteenth century AD that fact was believed by the vast majority of educated Europeans. Yet a longstanding myth holds that Columbus was almost alone in believing that the earth is a sphere and for that belief suffered the ridicule of his learned contemporaries. The myth survives today, preserved in popular histories, tales, and even in popular song lyrics that proclaim: â€Å"They all laughed at Christopher Columbus /When he said the world was round. In reporting that he was the first to see a light in the distance, on the night of October 11, before the actual sighting of land on October 12, Columbus appears to claim that he was the first to see the Indies. Note also Columbus’s solicitation of support for further exploration, his offering, if â€Å"their highnesses will render very slight assistance,† to provide gold, spice, cotton, mastic, â€Å"aloe-wood,† and â€Å"slaves, as many as they shall order to be shipped. The explorers and conquerors of the New World in large measure based their justifications (stated or implied) for conquest on a.  the cultural superiority of the conquerors; b. the physical and mental inferiority of the conquered; c. the backwardness of the Americans’ culture and technical development; d. the obligation and the ability of the intruders to make better use of the land and its resources; e. the duty to bring Christianity to the heathen. Columbus does not use all such justifications. Note his report that the Indians are â€Å"of a very acute intelligence. † Modern critics of Columbus assert that his treatment of the Indians showed a disregard for their natural rights. But the popular idea that individuals have natural rights (much less â€Å"unalienable† natural rights) did not arise for several centuries. Columbus took possession of the newly discovered land â€Å"by proclamation made and with royal standard unfurled. † His act was not a dramatic gesture meant to awe the natives but a formal step (compare the flag planting by the American astronauts on the moon in 1969) to establish, according to the international law of the day, that the lands and their inhabitants were now the possessions of Spain and subject to Spanish authority. Having taken formal and legal possession of the land and its inhabitants for Spain, Columbus assumed that he, as a royal official, was therefore justified in capturing six Indians and returning them as exhibits to the Spanish king and queen, just as a royal official could order the lives of men and women in Spain itself. Because he believed that he had landed in the Indies, Columbus used the word â€Å"Indians† to describe the people he saw. In recent years the word has been attacked as inaccurate and demeaning, although Columbus did not intend it to be so. The substitute â€Å"Native American† has been advanced, and is the most widely preferred term. The term â€Å"Siberian American† has been offered in its place as a more accurate term, but it is seen as derisive by some and remains unpopular. Columbus reported of the Indians, â€Å"With 50 [European] men all of them could be held in subjection and can be made to do whatever one might wish. † Columbus was wrong. The attempt to coerce and enslave the men and women of the New World eventually failed. Yet the alluring idea of forcing native inhabitants to work for their conquerors long endured. For instance, John Smith reports of North American native inhabitants that they could be brought â€Å"all in subjection† and exploited by â€Å"forty or thirty† Englishmen. Discovery narratives traditionally report on the technical backwardness of the people of the discovered lands. In Columbus’s age the lack of technical development and the absence of metals such as iron and steel were taken as signs of primitive inferiority. In later ages, especially after the rise of the idea of the Noble Savage, a lack of technical achievement was taken as a sign of virtuous simplicity, of a life free of the dominance of the machine and the technological horrors that accompany it. Columbus describes the technical ignorance of the inhabitants and their unfamiliarity with metal-edged weapons: â€Å"I showed them swords and they took them by the edge and through ignorance cut themselves. † Compare John Smith’s report of the Indians’ fear of gunpowder and firearms their amazement at the movements of a compass needle. The technical ignorance of a reportedly benighted people has often been and is still used to justify their subjugation and colonization by a technically superior culture that asserts its right to conquer, usually because it can â€Å"make better use of the land. † In addition, there was recourse to the religious justification for colonization—the argument that Christians have the right and the duty to lead (by force if necessary) those living in spiritual darkness into the light of religious truth and to the blessings of heaven. The religious justification is offered as a benefit to the pagans themselves. The technological argument is not. Rather its end is the fruitful exploitation of the land and its natural resources for the colonizers. But even the technological argument for exploiting the land has its biblical justification in the declarations that the land exists for the benefit of man, who therefore has an obligation to exploit and â€Å"subdue† it (Genesis 1:28). That Columbus was a sincere believer in Christianity is not in doubt. His devout faith is evident inthe names he gave the first islands he encountered in the New World: San Salvador and Isla de Santa Maria de Concepcion. Yet his religious motives for colonizing the lands he discovered have sometimes been dismissed as a disguise for his true motives: greed for gold and desire to extract riches from the land. The desire for religious conversions and for gold is evident in almost all the early narratives of New World discovery. Columbus hoped to bring Christianity to the heathen by establishing the religion of Spain in the new lands. He had no desire to promote religious liberty and would have strongly resisted the idea. John Smith similarly believed that the English lands in North America should be colonized under the protection of an established church—the Church of England. It is worthwhile to compare the views of Columbus and Smith to the views of the Pilgrims and the Puritans who wished to escape what they believed to be an oppressive established church—though they themselves then demonstrated an oppressive narrowness with respect to departures from the confines of their views. Notice the appearance in Columbus’s reports of themes later apparent in American literature: a. America as a land suited to Christian evangelism and the ultimate coming of â€Å"the church triumphant† b. America as a paradise of exotic landscape and people and of simple and innocent life c. America as a place for economic, political, and spiritual opportunity and personal fulfillment. THOMAS HARIOT Thomas Hariot was among the first British explorers to arrive in the New World. Unlike Columbus, he was at least as much a scientist as an explorer. He was particularly interested in astronomy, optics, and the study of mathematics. Hariot’s A Briefe and True Report of the Newfound Land of Virginia gives perspectives on the New World that differ from Columbus’s in accordance with his intellectual interests, as well as his nationality and the part of the world (Virginia, as opposed to the West Indies) that he visited. The third, and final, part of his report, presented in the anthology, offers another view of the inhabitants of the newly discovered land. JOHN SMITH John Smith has been described as the author of â€Å"the first English book written in America† (for his A True Relation of Occurrences and Accidents in Virginia [1608]), and his work is seen as a forerunner of a native, American literature. Smith’s accounts are also an early example of New World writing that emphasizes human qualities commonly thought to be typically American. Note his references to a. Practicality; b. Boastfulness; c. dislike of showy elegance; d. desire to exploit the environment. Smith’s description of New England combines two images of the New World that were current in Europe in the seventeenth century: a.  the image of America as a paradise, a voluptuous land of easy riches b. the image of America as a land that would reward those showing the Protestant virtues of enterprise and willingness to work hard. The first image draws upon ancient myths that describe gardens of ease, joy, and eternal life. The second derives from the ideals of the capitalist middle class that rose to power with the end of feudalism in Europe. A third image, of America as a New Jerusalem, as a place for religious salvation, is not evident in Smith’s writings. Consider the rise to prominence of that third image after 1630 and the coming of the Puritans to Massachusetts Bay. Note how Smith writes of the visible, material world—describing plants, animals, and men—rather than the immaterial, speculative world of philosophy and theology. Smith assumed that the New World is for man’s exploitation, for his physical enjoyment, and for his earthly fulfillment—an assumption at odds with the Puritans’ view of the New World as a place of spiritual testing and of preparation for a fulfillment to be achieved only in heaven. Smith is often contrasted to the Puritans (and the Pilgrims), but there are these similarities: a. Both saw America as a place where individual men and women could escape from Old-World restraints and traditions. b. Both celebrated the possibility of communal, as well as individual regeneration in the lands claimed by England in the New World. c. Both condemned luxury and emphasized the virtues of hard work, abstinence, and enterprise. d. And both saw a life of ease and luxury as a sign of decay that portends inevitable destruction. Smith made no mention of religious freedom as a reason for colonizing. His own motives for colonizing (and what he believed to be the prime motives of others) were secular and materialistic: â€Å"For I am not so simple as to think that ever any other motive than wealth will ever erect there a commonwealth. † General History and his Description of New England are propaganda for colonization as much as they are descriptions of the New World. That is evident in the number and the variety of advantages he cites for colonization: a. profits for investors—†satisfaction of the adventurers†. Markets for English manufacturers—a letter survives, written by Smith to the London Society of Cordwainers (shoemakers) to point out that the Cordwainers, in their own self-interest, should support the settlement of Virginia because the rough land and the shell-strewn beaches of the New World were certain to wear out many shoes c. glory for the colonizers and their monarch—†eternizing of the memory† d. abundant raw materials, especially timber and naval stores. Some of the essentials for colonizing success set forth by Smith in A Description of New England (â€Å"provided always that first there be †): a. potent local government b. housing c. means of self-defense d. adequate provisions e. trained craftsmen Many reasons have been offered to explain why the Jamestown colonists failed to exert themselves sufficiently in establishing their colony: a. that too many of the colonists were â€Å"ne’er-do-wells† and gentlemen who were unused to hard work b. that the colonists were weakened by hunger and disease c. that the â€Å"communal basis† of the settlement discouraged individual enterprise. That many of the early colonizing reports, especially those written by the Spanish colonizers, encouraged the expectation that riches would be quickly found and profits quickly earned, that the â€Å"naturals† could be forced to supply the colonists with food, and that therefore diligent labor was unnecessary e. that the colonists expected their needs to be met by their London backers Note that none of the above explanations suggests that the English colonists, lacking government support such as the Spanish enjoyed, failed because their attempt to colonize Virginia at that time and place was simply beyond their abilities. Smith attributed the difficulties at Jamestown to dissension, weak government, lack of organization, and mistaken attempts by a central governing body (in London) to exert control at long distance. Such problems of government and society arose partly from human characteristics that later came to be considered distinctly American: a. radical individualism b. disrespect for law and governments c. hostility toward distant, central governments d. Contempt for traditions of rank, privilege, and authority Note how such characteristics were prominent among the causes of the American Revolution, 170 years later, and how those same characteristics win popular praise today. It is also notable that the American environment and its great distance from Europe prohibited the easy transfer to America of England’s a. feudal class structure; b. widespread belief in the worth of a noble class and an idle gentry; c. upper-class contempt for those in â€Å"trade† or whose jobs required hard, physical labor; d. high valuation of the contemplative, intellectual life; Customs of labor, farming, law, and political organization. The travel literature of the 16th and 17th centuries commonly reported incidents in which New World savages were awestruck by examples of European science and technology. When Powhatan’s followers captured Smith, in December 1607, he was first exhibited before neighboring tribes. Smith’s description of events permits the conclusion that the Indians displayed him as a great trophy because he was a noble warrior (for his brave resistance) and a mighty wizard (for his tricks with a compass). Perhaps a better reason for the exhibition before local sub-tribes and their chiefs was revealed in 1845 when a manuscript letter (written in 1608) by Edward Maria Wingfield, former President of the Colony (and Smith’s enemy), was discovered and published. Wingfield wrote: having him prisoner, [they] carried him to [their] neighbors to see if any of them knew him for one of those which had been, some two or three years before us, in a river amongst them northward and [had] taken away some Indians from them by force. At last [they] brought him to the great Powhatan (of whom before we had no knowledge) who sent him home to our town the 8th of January [1608]. Pocahontas’s formal, tribal name was â€Å"Matoaka. † The nickname â€Å"Pocahontas† (meaning â€Å"playfulone†) was given to her by her father, Powhatan. Such nicknames were common among the Native peoples in Virginia. Powhatan himself had the tribal name of â€Å"Wahunsonacock,† the name â€Å"Powhatan† later takenfrom the name of the region in which he ruled. At the time of their adventure, Smith was 28 and Pocahontas 12 or 13. She died in 1617 while on a visit to England, well before any detailed description of her rescue of Smith was published. It is not known whether Smith saw Pocahontas while she was in England, and little is known of her true character. In his History of Travel into Virginia Britannia (1612), William Strachey described Pocahontas as: a well featured but wanton young girl, Powhatan’s daughter, [who], sometimes resorting to our fort, of the age then of 11 or 12 years, [would] get the boys forth with her into the market place and made them [cart]wheel, falling on their hands turning their heels upwards, whom she would follow, and [cart]wheel so herself, naked as she was, all the fort over. It is interesting to consider what qualities in Strachey’s â€Å"wanton young girl† and Smith’s savior helped make her the first heroine of American myth and folklore. Some points to note: a. Pocahontas’s similarity to ancient mythic heroines, daughters of kings who protect a heroic stranger renounce their native lands and people, yet fail to marry the hero—heroines . b. the similarity of Pocahontas’s experiences to those told in the various medieval romances c. Pocahontas’s similarity to historical American Indian heroines, such as Sacagawea (who served as guide and interpreter for Lewis and Clark) and Malinche (interpreter for Cortes in his conquest of the Aztecs) d. Pocahontas’s early appearance in literature, first referred to in Ben Jonson’s play Staple of News (1625) and then the subject of later works, such as (1) The Female American (1767), a novel published in London and described as â€Å"a second Robinson Crusoe†, and (2) The Indian Princess (1808), an American play, the first of many Pocahontas dramas, and the first of the vastly popular â€Å"Indian Plays† of the nineteenth-century American stage.

Reading Comprehension Questions

Reading Comprehension Questions Teachers have a tough job. Not only do they need to teach their core content areas, but they must also help their students master reading comprehension, too! Sometimes, its hard to do it all in context when you need to focus on the skills. Below, please find free reading comprehension worksheets complete with multiple choice questions and some essay questions, too. Each worksheet can be completed online, or you can print the attached pdf file for ease of classroom use.   The worksheets will help your students prepare for a reading comprehension test,  or even the critical reading section of any standardized test like the SAT, PSAT, GRE and more! Bonus? You can have them on hand for easy substitute lesson plans if you have to be out. Thats just a win-win! Nonfiction Reading Comprehension Questions This link will take you to a slew of reading comprehension worksheets based on nonfiction passages. The passage word counts range from 500 to over 2,000, and the content varies from famous speeches to biographies to art. Use the worksheets and accompanying multiple choice questions to test your students mastery of finding the main idea, assessing authors purpose, making inferences, understanding vocabulary in context, and more! Fiction Reading Comprehension Questions Here, find a range of reading comprehension worksheets based on fictional passages. The passage word counts range from the 800s up to 3,000. The settings range from a modern day  kitchen to 19th century  Parisian reform school. And like the nonfiction reading comprehension questions above, these focus on skills like main idea, inferences, vocab in context and more, too. Main Idea Worksheets While the nonfiction and fiction worksheets above offer varied questions, these worksheets focus only on finding the main idea. Here, youll find a worksheet of separate paragraphs followed by either multiple choice questions where students will have to get rid of distractors to find the correct main idea (getting rid of choices too narrow, too broad, partially correct, etc.), or open-ended questions where students will need to compose the main idea whether its stated or implied.   Vocabulary in Context Worksheets Each of the worksheets in this link focuses on a snippet from a story or nonfiction article and is followed by multiple choice questions asking students to determine the meaning of the vocabulary word based on the context. Words range in difficulty, although context is incredibly important in each selection in determining the meaning.   Inference Worksheets The first three worksheets come with pdfs for printing and included both open-ended and multiple choice questions. The last three are meant to be completed online. Students will look at pictures, and based on the photos or cartoons, make an inference backed up by the evidence displayed on the screen. Authors Purpose Worksheets These worksheets offer a variety of paragraphs, followed by an authors purpose question similar to those on standardized tests. For each paragraph, the students will need to select the choice that best represents the authors purpose for writing the passage. This is a very different concept from discovering the main idea or determining the authors tone.    Authors Purpose Worksheet 1  Authors Purpose Worksheet 2   Authors Tone Worksheets This skill set is currently being built up! But currently, you can find one authors tone worksheet with more to come very soon. Authors Tone Worksheet 1

Interactions of hazardous materials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Interactions of hazardous materials - Essay Example Total dose of rem determines how much the radiation can harm a person. A 25 rem dosage of radiation causes changes that can be detected in the blood while doses around 100 rems normally don’t have immediate effects. Radiation of 50 rems causes nausea, 55 rem fatigue, 70 rem vomiting, 75 hair loss, 90 diarrheas, 100 hemorrhage and 400 can possibly cause death within a period of 2 months. 1,000 rems cause destruction of intestinal lining and death within two weeks while rem of 2,000 damages the central nerve system and causes death within minutes (Walker, 2006). In Three Mile Island incident, the radiation that was released was minimal, far below the levels associated with health effects resulting from radiation exposure. In the incident, 2.4 million curies of radioactive noble gases and 16 curies of radioiodines were released (Mac Kinney & Schoch, 2003). The resulted average radiation dose to people living in that area was 1.4 mrem. In chest X-ray, a patient receives 3.2 mrem this is twice more than the radiation released during the incident. In the Chernobyl incident in the Soviet Union, the radiation level in some areas was about 20,000 roentgens per hour and this cause death to some workers. Average radiation dose for the people who was affected most was 120 mSv; this was mainly those who were assisting in the recovery operation and a dosage of 30 mSv for the evacuated

How will Spotify change the traditional music industry Assignment

How will Spotify change the traditional music industry - Assignment Example try, where consumers do not purchase their music, and where artists, producers and the company itself to not generate profits by directly selling music, surely, Spotify generates in a lot of changes in how the music industry works. In this case, the researcher would like to look at how Spotify changes the traditional music industry by using the five forces, which includes the following: Supplier Buyer Competitors Threats of New Entrants Threats of Substitutes In addition, the researcher would also try to integrate the different strategic maps used in the module, in able to provide a deeper breadth and insight into the analysis of the entry of Spotify in relation with the traditional music industry. In particular, the researcher would focus upon using the triangle map and the delta model to give deeper insights on the changes that Spotify will bring to the music industry. How would Spotify then affect the force of suppliers in the music industry? Of course, in the music industry, one of the main suppliers includes the company that distributes music to consumers, which in this case is the Swedish company Spotify. However, it is important to take note of the fact that the supply process is not a simple process, but it is rather complicated; this includes agreements with respect to the artists and the producers of the music that Spotify is about to offer to consumers. In the traditional music industry, the supply process goes this way: the company (which either distributes music through the sale of CDs or downloadable digitized music) pays royalty to the artists of the music. Then, the distributing company would earn profits through the direct sales of the copy of the music, to where the artists would also have some percentages. In this case, extra income for the company... The "How will Spotify change the traditional music industry" essay, describes the effect of the Spotify on the music business. While Spotify actually believes that â€Å"artist payments are increasing all the time as ad revenues and subscriptions go up†, it actually remains to be proven in the future. Such circumstances may pose threats with respect to the supply side of the music industry. However, the major change in the supply side (using the Delta model) would be in the form of redefining the customer relationship, wherein the supplier would need to establish long term relationships with their consumers in order for the company to ensure artists that they would get competitive royalties, as well as ensuring that they would attract enough ads so that they can get enough revenues to make artists happy and make their business profitable. With regards to the buyer side of the music industry, Spotify also introduces major changes. In traditional companies, they actually entice customers to own albums and other music collections for their favoured artists through their purchase of CDs or downloadable digital files. In this case, the central theme would include inducing consumers to actually own music, and expanding their personal collection. In this case, the major break with Spotify is that it does not induce consumers to own a personal collection of music; on the contrary, it entices consumers to enjoy the music that they want, when they want, and where they want, without actually owning it.